Intermediate Laravel Application: Blog Platform

composer global require laravel/installer
laravel new blog

php artisan make:model Category -m
php artisan make:model Tag -m
php artisan make:model Post -mcr --policy
php artisan make:model Comment -mc
php artisan make:migration create_post_tag_table

// categories and tags
$table->id();
$table->string('name');
$table->string('slug')->unique();
$table->timestamps();

// posts
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
$table->foreignId('category_id')->nullable()->constrained()->nullOnDelete();
$table->string('title');
$table->string('slug')->unique();
$table->text('body');
$table->timestamps();

// post_tag (pivot table)
$table->foreignId('post_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
$table->foreignId('tag_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
$table->primary(['post_id', 'tag_id']);

// comments
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('post_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
$table->text('body');
$table->timestamps();

class Post extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['title', 'slug', 'body', 'category_id'];

    public function user()     { return $this->belongsTo(User::class); }
    public function category() { return $this->belongsTo(Category::class); }
    public function tags()     { return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class); }
    public function comments() { return $this->hasMany(Comment::class)->latest(); }
}

use App\Http\Controllers\CommentController;
use App\Http\Controllers\PostController;

Route::middleware('auth')->group(function () {
    Route::resource('posts', PostController::class)->except(['index', 'show']);
    Route::post('posts/{post}/comments', [CommentController::class, 'store'])
        ->name('posts.comments.store');
});

Route::resource('posts', PostController::class)->only(['index', 'show']);

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;

public function index(Request $request)
{
    $search = trim((string) $request->query('q', ''));

    $posts = Post::with(['user', 'category'])
        ->when($search, fn ($query) => $query->where(fn ($q) => $q
            ->where('title', 'like', "%{$search}%")
            ->orWhere('body', 'like', "%{$search}%")))
        ->latest()
        ->paginate(10)
        ->withQueryString();

    return view('posts.index', compact('posts', 'search'));
}

public function create()
{
    return view('posts.create', [
        'categories' => Category::orderBy('name')->get(),
        'tags' => Tag::orderBy('name')->get(),
    ]);
}

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $data = $request->validate([
        'title' => ['required', 'string', 'max:200'],
        'body' => ['required', 'string'],
        'category_id' => ['nullable', 'exists:categories,id'],
        'tags' => ['array'],
        'tags.*' => ['integer', 'exists:tags,id'],
    ]);

    $post = $request->user()->posts()->create([
        ...Arr::except($data, 'tags'),
        'slug' => Str::slug($data['title']).'-'.Str::lower(Str::random(6)),
    ]);
    $post->tags()->sync($data['tags'] ?? []);

    return redirect()->route('posts.show', $post);
}

public function show(Post $post)
{
    $post->load(['user', 'category', 'tags', 'comments.user']);

    return view('posts.show', compact('post'));
}

public function update(Request $request, Post $post)
{
    Gate::authorize('update', $post);
    // validate and save as in store(), then sync tags
}

public function update(User $user, Post $post): bool
{
    return $user->id === $post->user_id;
}

public function delete(User $user, Post $post): bool
{
    return $user->id === $post->user_id;
}

public function store(Request $request, Post $post)
{
    $data = $request->validate(['body' => ['required', 'string', 'max:2000']]);

    $post->comments()->create([...$data, 'user_id' => $request->user()->id]);

    return back();
}

<article>
    <h1>{{ $post->title }}</h1>
    <p>By {{ $post->user->name }} in {{ $post->category?->name ?? 'Uncategorised' }}</p>
    <div>{!! nl2br(e($post->body)) !!}</div>
    @foreach ($post->tags as $tag)
        <span>#{{ $tag->name }}</span>
    @endforeach
</article>

<section>
    @foreach ($post->comments as $comment)
        <p><strong>{{ $comment->user->name }}:</strong> {{ $comment->body }}</p>
    @endforeach

    @auth
        <form method="POST" action="{{ route('posts.comments.store', $post) }}">
            @csrf
            <textarea name="body" required></textarea>
            <button type="submit">Post comment</button>
        </form>
    @endauth
</section>